Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) arise from neuroendocrine cells and are an exceedingly rare malignancy in the gallbladder. In this case report, a 52-year-old woman with complaints of episodic abdominal pain for two months prior was admitted to our hospital. She had no other signs and symptoms and her laboratory tests were within normal limits. Ultrasonography showed a broad-necked mass (26×12 mm) in the gallbladder for which she underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The final pathological diagnosis was a high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder with involvement of the lymph nodes and omentum. The patient received the chemotherapy regimens of gemcitabine plus cisplatin, followed by docetaxel plus sunitinib for her metastatic liver lesions. She also underwent radiofrequency ablation. Serial CT-scans revealed metastatic liver lesions that had decreased in size, with no significant improvement. The patient refused additional treatment and at 46 months, she was doing well with no complaints of any pain, disease recurrence, or metastatic progression.

A 56-year-old man was incidentally found to have a 15 mm cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas on CT scan. Two years later, the patient remained asymptomatic and follow-up CT revealed the lesionhad increased to 20 mm in maximal diameter (Figure 1). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was performed and demonstrated a 26×16 mm solid and cystic lesion with a well defined border in the tail of the pancreas (Figure 2)….

Introduction: Neuroendocrine carcinoma is one of the neoplasms of neuroendocrine system which involves organs sparing of APUD cells. The most common sites of this carcinoma are gastrointestinal and pulmonary system. From a histologic standpoint, these tumors are reactive to silver stains and specific markers like NSE (Neuron Specific Enolase), synaptophysin, and chromogranin A. Case Report: A 74-year-old woman with a complaint of 6-month nasal stuffiness, epistaxis, anosmia, and hearing loss was referred to the hospital. In her nasal examination, a vascular polypoid mass in nasopharynx was noticed. CT-scan showed a homogeneous, isodense mass in nasopharynx without bony erosion.Conclusion: After confirming the diagnosis of carcinoid tumor using specific markers and special stains, there are some factors to predict its malignancy. Systemic chemotherapy(esp. cisplatin & etuposide) is effective to treat malignant neuroendocrine tumors especially aggressive variants. Radiotherapy has palliative effect.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (PHNETs) are extremely rare neoplasms. Herein, we report a case of a 70- year-old man with a hepatic mass. The non-contrast computed tomography (CT) image showed a low-density mass, and dynamic CT images indicated the enhancement of the mass in the arterial phase and early washout in the late phase. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and fused PET/CT images showed increased uptake in the hepatic mass. Whole-body 18F-FDG PET images showed no abnormal activity except for the liver lesion. Presence of an extrahepatic tumor was also ruled out by performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, total colonoscopy, and chest and abdominal CT. A posterior segmentectomy was performed, and histologic examination confirmed a neuroendocrine tumor (grade 1). The patient was followed up for about 2 years after the resection, and no extrahepatic lesions were radiologically found. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with PHNET. To the best of our knowledge, no previous case of PHNET have been detected by 18F-FDG PET imaging.

A 76-year-old woman presented with a one-year history of intermittent right lower abdominal pain, little weight loss, and palpable mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Pelvic ultrasound scan identified a lobulated hypo-hetero-echoic mass with some calcified foci. Computed tomography scan revealed a low-attenuated lesion-like mass in the perineal region, which suggested a cystic localized tumor. Colonoscopy showed sub-mucosal lesion in the cecum. The patient underwent laparotomy, and a right hemicolectomy (include ileum) with ileocolic anastomosis was performed. She was treated successfully. In the Histological examination, two mass-like lesions were found to attach to the appendix. In the proximal portion of the appendix, there were cystic structures that showed a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. The tip of the appendix showed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor). In this unusual case, even though the initial origins of these two tumors are quite different, two tumors appeared in a single histological section.

Background & Aim: Endocrine tumors are amongst the neoplasms with low prevalence that are found most often in the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and infrequently in the lymph nodes of the inguinal region. Case report: In this report a 42-years woman who referred to a doctor with a chief complaint about the presence of a mass in the right thigh. The mass was removed by surgery and after being sampled and tested, referred to an oncologist. Pathological examinations indicated a metastasis of carcinoma with unknown origin. According to results of immunohistochemical staining, Neuroendocrine Grade 1 tumor was detected with Ki 67 index = 1%. Except for ultrasound that was indicating the presence of a non-cancerous cyst in the left breast, the rest of the blood tests and imaging did not mention a particular problem. Since this tumor was reported without the involvement of other organs and initially in the lymph node of the inguinal region and after the removal of the mass, patient status was reported to be stable, no specific treatment was performed and only follow up was done for the patient. Conclusion: Regarding the low prevalence of neuroendocrine tumors and the clinical similarity to other cases, accurate clinical examinations, in particular, specific staining, can be useful for precise diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.